By Adelle M. Banks

Religion News Service

Most Protestant churchgoers believe that giving 10 percent of their income is a biblical requirement they should follow, but they define the practice of tithing in a variety of ways, a new survey shows.

About half said they can give their tithes to a Christian ministry instead of a church. One in three said tithes can go to help a person who is in need. And more than one in six said their funds can go to a secular charity.

“For many churchgoers, tithing is just another term for generosity,” said Scott McConnell, executive director of LifeWay Research in Nashville, Tenn., of the findings released May 10.

The evangelical research firm surveyed 1,010 Americans who attend a Protestant or nondenominational church at least monthly. It also queried 1,000 Protestant senior pastors.

Pastors are less likely than people in the pews to view tithing as a continuing biblical command.

While 83 percent of churchgoers say tithing is a current requirement, 72 percent of pastors agree.

Pastors who affirm that tithing is a biblical command don’t agree on how to define it. More than half (56 percent) said it should be one-tenth of an individual’s gross income. Seventeen percent said it should be one-tenth of net income. Eleven percent said it is “whatever amount a person regularly sets aside to give” and 7 percent said it is “whatever amount a person actually gives.”

Among churchgoers, large majorities in different regions and of different races said tithing should continue today: 85 percent of Southerners, 74 percent of Northerners, 87 percent of African-Americans and 80 percent of white people.

Those with evangelical beliefs were more likely (86 percent) to view tithing as a current biblical demand than those without them (79 percent). Those attending church services at least weekly were more likely (85 percent) to have that view than those attending once or twice monthly (71 percent).

More than half of churchgoers (54 percent) give a tenth or more of their income to their church, while 1 in 5 said they give regularly but less than 10 percent. A similar number say they try to give but are not always consistent. Eight percent say their finances make it difficult to donate and 2 percent reported not giving to their church.

“Even those who can’t tithe believe that giving matters,” said Mr. McConnell. “Most churchgoers say they give — even if it’s a struggle.”

Of those who do give, most often do so in a personal way — contributing cash or a check at church. Eleven percent use their church website for giving, and smaller percentages use automatic payments or a church app, although some give using more than one method.

“Giving is considered an act of worship — and clicking on a mouse may not feel as holy as putting your offering in the collection plate,” Mr. McConnell said.

The overall sample of churchgoers, surveyed Aug. 22-30, 2017, had a margin of error of plus or minus 3.1 percentage points. The overall sample of clergy, surveyed Aug. 30-Sept. 18, 2017, had a margin of error of plus or minus 3.2 percentage points.